The supermassive black hole in the center of our Milky Way Galaxy may not be as voracious as the Gas Jblete Monsters that astronomers have seen further in the universe, but New findings of the NASA James Webb Space Telescope Reveal that its surroundings are shooting with fireworks.
JWST readings in two near -infrared wavelengths have documented cosmic flares that vary in brightness and duration.
Researchers say that the hot gas accumulation disc surrounds the black hole, known as Sagittarius A*, throws about five or six large flares per day, and several smaller explosions in the middle.
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The observations are detailed today in The letters of Astrophysics magazine.
“In our data, we saw a brightness in constant change and bubbly. And then boom! A great explosion of brightness sudden Illinois He said in a press release.
“We couldn’t find a pattern in this activity. It seems to be random. The activity profile of this black hole was new and exciting every time we looked at it.”
Yusef-Zadeh and his colleagues watched Sagittarius A* using the nearby infrared chamber of JWST, or Nircam, for a total of 48 hours, divided into increases of eight to 10 hours in the course of one year. They expected to see flares, but they did not expect the black hole environment to be as active as they are.
The researchers suggest that two separate processes are causing the light show. The smallest flares may be due to turbulence in the accretion disk, compressing the hot and magnetized gas from the disc. Such disturbances could throw brief bursts of radiation that Yusef-Zadeh compares with solar flares.
“It is similar to how the magnetic field of the Sun meets, compresses and then explodes a solar outbreak,” he explained.
“Of course, the processes are more dramatic because the environment around a black hole is much more energetic and much more extreme.”
The largest bursts could be due to magnetic reconnection events. That would happen when two magnetic fields collide, throwing bright explosions of particles that travel at speeds near the speed of light.
“A magnetic reconnection event is like a static electricity spark, which, in a sense, is also an ‘electrical reconnection,” said Yusef-Zadeh.
Another unexpected finding has to do with how flares light and attenuate when they look in two different wavelengths. The events observed in the shortest wavelength changed the brightness slightly before the longest wavelength events.
“This is the first time we have seen a time delay in measurements in these wavelengths,” said Yusef-Zadeh.
“We observe these wavelengths simultaneously with NIRCAM and we noticed that the longest wavelength is delayed behind the shortest for a very small amount, perhaps a few seconds to 40 seconds.”
These observations could serve as clues of physical processes at work on the disc that swirles around the black hole. It could be that the particles thrown by the flares lose energy more quickly in shorter wavelengths than longer wavelengths. That is the pattern you would expect for spiral particles around the magnetic field lines in a Cosmic Syntrotron.
Now researchers hope to obtain a longer period of time in JWST, which should help them reduce noise in their observations and produce a more detailed image of what is happening in the center of our local galaxy.
“When you are looking at self-fed selfless events, you have to compete with noise,” said Yusef-Zadeh.
“If we can observe for 24 hours, then we can reduce the noise to see the characteristics that we could not see before. That would be surprising. We can also see if these flares are repeated, or if they are really random.”
This article was originally published by Universe today. Read the Original article.
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