Rice is one of the most commonly consumed cultivated crops for almost half of the population worldwide. As demand increases, rice cultivation extends to areas with scarce resources and unfavorable conditions. One of the main abiotic tensions is salinity, which plays an important role in determining performance and growth. Therefore, there is a pressing need to introduce salt tolerant rice varieties, since rice shows the greatest sensitivity to saline stress. Extensive research has revealed that genetic, molecular and physiological mechanisms control salt tolerance of different crops.
To this note, scientists at the University of Tasmania: Professor Sergey Shabala, associated professor Shabala, Professor Holger Meinke, Professor Meixue Zhou, Tianxiao Chen and Yanan Niu in collaboration with Professor Zhong Hua Chen of the Western University of Sydney, Dr. Gayatri Venkatraman by Mrs. Swaminathan Research Foundation, professor Ashwani Pareek of the Jawaharlal Nehru University and Professor Jianlong XU of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of China critically reviewed the current understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance to the salt exhibited by rice crops, which was published in The cultivation diary.
Professor Zhou told science that: “To date, a large number of genes involved in various salt tolerant mechanisms in rice have been identified. Therefore, understanding its function and diaphonia at the molecular level could provide valuable information to improve salt tolerance in rice. “
Professor Zhou and his colleagues initially evaluated current literature on gene networks that respond to saline stress. Then, they deepened in details on how stress detection and signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species The elimination of rice crops can help in the development of new salt tolerant rice cultivars. However, according to researchers, it is difficult to establish a definitive connection between gene networks and salt tolerance in rice. Most of the literature was derived from inverse genetic approaches to the plant TORabidopsis Despite the genetic similarity.
Later, the research team showed how stomatic regulation, osmotic adjustment, ion homeostasis could hinder salt tolerance at functional level. The high salt content can significantly reduce water absorption in the plant, resulting in lower stomatic conductance. High salinity causes elongated plant cells at the cellular level, decreased water absorption and the development of the deteriorated leaf. The researchers proposed that mining and the combination of favorable alleles linked to salt tolerance is a better approach to improve germplasm.
Inappropriate genetic resources with high salt tolerance are the main reason why few progress has been made in the creation of new varieties of salt tolerant rice. The key to successful improvement in salt tolerant crops lies in the deep understanding of molecular mechanisms. Researchers recommend a precise technology to edition of the genome, the use of genes involved in the detection and signaling of stress, and the use of the target edition of Mirnas to develop salt tolerant rice cultivars. They also proposed that more importance should be given to salt tolerance in the reproductive stage, which contributes to better performance. Finally, a suggestion was made to aim at genes sensitive to multiple stress, followed by testing salt tolerant rice crops in real life conditions to evaluate the impact of salinity.
In summary, due to the growing environmental tensions due to climate change, there is an imminent need to produce genetically modified rice tolerant crops to meet the energy demands of the growing world population. “An important step would be to test genetically modified plants in field conditions to evaluate their stress tolerance and then model their answers to obtain a global evaluation of the probable impact of such improved varieties,” said Professor Xu. The results of this exhaustive review will guide future attempts to develop new salt tolerant rice cultivars.
Newspaper reference:
Chen, Tianxiao, Sergey Shabala, Yanan Niu, Zhong-Hua Chen, Shabala Lana, Holger Meinke, Gayatri Venkataraman, Ashwani Pareek, Jianlong Xu and Meixue Zhou. “Molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice”. The Crop Journal (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CJ.2021.03.005
About the authors
Meixue Zhou, Ph.D.
Teacher
Professor Zhou has been involved in agricultural research for almost 40 years. In the last 15 years, he has published more than 150 arbitrated articles. Most articles are published in High IF magazines and, more importantly, their publications showed a greater impact with more than 9,000 appointments.
Its main research interests are to improve plants stress tolerance (waterlogging, salinity, acid soils and diseases). Its program prior to the reference covers the entire spectrum from the discovery of features to the development of varieties. These include 1) Applied research: germplasm detection for specific features (stress tolerance), precise phenotypes and cells based on cells to discover key features or mechanisms that confer tolerance; and 2) Genetics and reproduction: Discovery of genes/qtl, molecular markers linked to the features and development of materials and varieties prior to the writing (with breeding companies). It has established a solid research team that involves physiologists, molecular and agronomist biologists, investigating the interactions between genotypes and the environment (soils, seasonal rain and temperature and changing climate) and management (agronomy – varieties with coincident agronomic practices, precision agriculture , irrigation and modeling of models). He has established reliable detection facilities for various stress tolerances and has developed a method for rapid introgation of specific features to commercial varieties. He has demonstrated excellence in the supervision of postgraduate students. He has successfully supervised until the completion of 30 doctors students and five teachers who have conducted successful research careers. Each ph.D. Student who produces more than three published articles. It is currently supervising 16 ph.D. students.
Jianlong Xu, Ph.D.
Teacher
Professor Xu has been important in rice and reproduction genetics for more than 30 years. In the last 20 years, he has published more than 130 referee articles, most of which involved identification of genes/qtl, allele mining and reproduction assisted by markers for tolerances of abiotic and biotic stress and features related to performance in the harvest of rice He obtained a first national prize for scientific and technological advancement and two first provincial awards for scientific and technological progress in the last five years. Six varieties of rice have been approved and nine have been approved provincially. In addition, 12 patents and nine variety rights have been successfully applied. Until now, it has successfully supervised until the end of three postdoctoral, 10 ph.D. and 25 master’s students, and are currently supervising three postdoctoral, four ph.D. and four master’s students.
To effectively integrate the QTL mapping with the molecular reproduction of QTL -based rice, it has been advocating a selective introgress strategy. This strategy has been practiced for genetic dissection, alleles mining and the simultaneous improvement of complex features in rice, by developing large amounts of specific introgation lines of features (ILS) using the backward breeding in the background elite genetics. Multiple complex features can be improved simultaneously by the QTL designed pyramid based on the performance of the target features and the alleles QTL underlying the ILS features. Now, it is focusing on the previously important cloned gene allele mining The favorable allele information.
Main image credit: Iagri Tanzania, Flickr
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