Guy
Description
Example
Simple hypothesis
Predicts a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.
“Eating more fruits reduces cholesterol levels.”
Complex hypothesis
It involves multiple variables.
“Diet and exercise together reduce obesity rates more effectively than diet alone.”
Null hypothesis (H₀) [6]
It states that there is no relationship between variables.
“There is no difference in memory performance between men and women.”
Alternative hypothesis (H₁)
Predicts that a relationship exists.
“Women score higher than men on memory tests.”
Directional hypothesis [7]
Specifies the direction of the relationship.
“Increased screen time decreases sleep quality.”
Non-directional hypothesis
It predicts a relationship but not the direction.
“There is a relationship between screen time and sleep quality.”
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