Double-layer carbon spheres drive cleaner conversion of nitrate to nitrogen
Illustration of double layer mesoporous carbon sphere catalyst with single atom dual sites. The inner Fe-N₄ centers drive nitrogen-nitrogen coupling, while the outer Mg-N₄ shell acts as a proton barrier, directing the reaction toward harmless nitrogen gas (N₂) instead of ammonia. This design achieves high nitrate removal and exceptional selectivity, offering a sustainable solution for…