A comprehensive proteomic analysis and therapeutic potential

Abstract

Scorpion venom is a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant potential for anticancer drug development. Its diverse molecular composition, including neurotoxins, antimicrobial peptides and enzymes, provides a broad library for therapeutic innovation. Proteomic analyzes have characterized venom composition in several species, while other functional assays have elucidated its anticancer mechanisms. This review synthesizes current knowledge on scorpion venom-derived peptides with demonstrated anticancer activity, which selectively target ion channels, induce apoptosis, or alter tumor microenvironments. Where available, we highlight proteomic studies that have identified these components and discuss their structural features relevant to drug design. We also examine the clinical applications and challenges of translating venom peptides into therapeutics. The crucial and growing role of proteomics in this field, particularly for venom fractionation, component identification, and structural characterization, is critically evaluated.